The Technical Aspects,Terms And Rules of Ghazal Writing.....
Dear Readers.....
I'm writing this article for people who has always wondered about how a Ghazal is written. Who are keen to know the technical side of Ghazal writing Note that i'm only trying to pass this information to you based on what i had been taught. What is a Ghazal...? A Ghazal is a combination of :- 1.Beher (Meter 2.Radeef 3.Kafiya 4.Matla 5.Maktaa 1. What is Beher (Meter) ...? Beher is the rhythm of a sheyr which compliments the connecting misra's (lines) of a ghazal...all the misra's in a sher and all the sheyrs in a ghazal has to follow the same beher. There are many different beher's and it demands serious studies to be understood.Apart from those set beher's a shayar can also creat his own beher as long as the sheyr is easy to recite and can be pronounced in rhythm n match the "wazan" of the ghazal.. 2.What is Radeef...? Radeef is the word(s) which ends the first two misra's and the second misra of every sheyr in a Ghazal.it is not necessary to use radeef in all the Ghazals...such Ghazals are called "gair-muraddaf" ghazals...but this is not what tradition allows...!! Example of a Ghazal with radeef and kafiya :- (Abdul Hameed "adam") phuuloN kii aarazuu meN baDe zaKhm khaaye haiN lekin chaman ke Khaar bhii ab tak paraaye haiN us par haraam hai Gam-e-dauraaN kii talKhiyaaN jiske nasiib meN terii zulfoN ke saaye haiN mahashar meN le gaii thii tabiyat kii saadagii lekin baDe Khuluus se ham lauT aaye haiN aayaa huuN yaad baad-e-fanaa unako bhii 'Adam' kyaa jald mere siikh pe imaan laaye haiN ***here.."haiN" is the radeef of this Ghazal*** ai maigusaaro savere savere Kharaabaat ke gird phere pe phere (Abdul Hameed "adam") here....radeef is missing...as last words of the sheyr are not same so its a "Ghair-muraddaf" ghazal...so radeef is that exact word or words that ends the first two lines and every second line of a ghazal...!! 3. What is Kafiya...? Kafiya is that common sounding word that's used before "radeef"...for example in first ghazal mentioned above "khaaye".."paraaye"...."laaye" is the kafiya or should is say "aaye" is the kafiya because "aaye" is the sound that gives "wazan" to the radeef of the ghazal. 4.What is Matla...? The very first sheyr or the first two misra's of a ghazal where radeef is used in both misra's is the "Matla" of a ghazal...!! for example... saaGar se lab lagaa ke bahut Khush hai zindagii sahan-e-chaman meN aake bahut Khush hai zindagii Matla is very necessary for the weight of a ghazal because the whole ghazal depends on kafiya and radeef used in the Matla. 5.What is Maktaa Maktaa is the last sheyr of a ghazal where shayar use his "takhhallus" to leave his signature on his composition...A poet rather not have a maktaa rather than having a meaningless maktaa...its one of those finer points of shayri where shayar can express himself or his feelings or talk about anything using the rhythm of the ghazal...!! example... ( Shakeel Badayuni ) :- Khush huuN ki meraa husn-e-talab kaam to aayaa Khaalii hii sahii merii taraf jaam to aayaa log un se ye kahate haiN ki kitane haiN "Shakeel" aap is husn ke sadaqe meN meraa naam to aayaa ................................................. Dear friends...thsi article is far from complete as far as depth and rules of ghazal writing are concerned..each topic especially "beher" needs to be studied thoroughly if someone wants to understand this fine art of shayri. These are just the basic points that someone needs to look at before writing or understanding a ghazal...if anyone have any questions at all..i'll be overwhelmed to answer...i have an advice for shayar's who has just begun to write and are serious about learning shayri....you NEED to find an ustad who can guide you...find someone whom you can show your compositons...who can explain each term step by step and seek an advice..coz there's a lot more...A LOT MORE..in shayri than you can imagine...!! I'll try to post more articles like this...its an attempt to bring all shayri lovers more closer to the real picture of shayri. On the closing Note i'd like to thank all my friends out there who have supported me with all their strength...!! maikasH __________________ mat poochiye kya shugl raha apna shab-e-gam ye shama bhujhaai kabhi woh shama bhujaai "har aansu" mein thi neelam si chamak ....par afsos...ye dunyia hee ise na dekh paayi |
Very useful info
This is indeed a very useful article maikasH ji.
Infact I had requested Gaurav to post an article about all this. This article will surely help everyone- the people who want to write shayri n also thepeople who are not shayars but admirers of shayri.It will help them to understand the writers point of view in a better sense now. Keep Writing Take care Molly |
Aadaab molly ji.....
thanx..... Like i said in the article there's a lot more to it n i might post a detailed article soon if people are willing to know..... adaab maikasH |
HIIIIIIIIIIIIII...............
maikasH ji,
Thank-u for the great info on Ghazal writing you posted, it was a very intresting read. I was wondering if you have stopped posting your own work or have I just missed it, I log in especially to read your inspiring work so could you please let me know, hope you havn't left us????? keeeeep smiiiiiiiiiiiiiling..........;-) .......naz! |
Hi....
My pleasure....!!
u seems to be devoting a lot of time to my ghazals nazia ji...i wanna thank u for that....i won't be able to leave behind such respect.... i'm here....back again.... i'll be posting everyday from now on..... keep an eye.... adaab maikasH |
Welcome back maikasHji!!
How r u?Aap ko shayri.com me wapis dekhkar bahut khushi huyi...yakeen maane....hum roz aate the isi umeed pe ki shayad aap ka kuch naya kalaam parhne ko mile lekin roz mayous ho jate the....lekin aaj jab aapko wapis dekha to phir se accha laga...:)
BTW,ye jo aapne info. di hai..its very useful aur bahut kayde se example ke saath explain kiya hai...thanx for that!!! ab likhtey rahiyega......kahin jaayega nahi!!:) regards, shumaila |
FANTASTIC
maikasH Ji,
WELCOME BACK!!!!!! Hamarah yakeen maniya kai hamme yai baat sun kai bohote kushi hui....I'm sure a lot of others will agree with this??? ..........naz! :D |
Adaab.....
Aap logon ne to ise gulaam bana liya hai nazia ji.....
aapki marzi ke bina kahan jayega maikasH....!! itni izzat dene ka tah-e-dil se shukarguzaar hun....!! adaab maikasH |
Welcome BACK
Thanx for the COMEBACK...
I am writing this sher here please find the mistakes and and correct me...also do try to add something to it and make it sparkle a bit more.. Aakhen nahi hai Surkh heena ka rang lag gaya Lagta hai meri haddiyon ko zung lag gaya karta tha kal talak jo marne maarne ki baat uss rustam-e-hind ko rog-e-palang lag gaya. Ta Gaur tumhara Talib |
Maikash Ji,
Hi,aap kaisai hain?Khuda sai hamari hamesha yehi guzarish rahegi ki aap hamesha salaamat rahe.Main Shayri.com par new thi aur sab kuch ajnabee sa lagta tha par aapka ghazal par article read karnai kai baad mujhe ehsaas hua ki main shayari ki duniya main ajnabee nahi hoon.Aapka bohot bohot shukriya nawazish! Take Care & keep coming back to Shayari.com. Thanx again for the informative article. With luv, Kavita :) |
salaam...
Aadaab Kavita ji....
duaa dene ke liye is khaaksaar ka shukriya kabuul kijiye.... dil ko kuch tasallii huii ye jaan kar ke mere is article ne kisi ka ehsaas-e-tanhaai duur kiya..... aap mehfil meN aaya kijiye....kuch roz ki baat hai aapko ajnabiyaT ka khayaal taj nahiN aayega.... phir mulaqaat hogi.... Nacheez maikasH |
miss u always
maikash,,,,,,,,,,,,where r u ;;;;;;;;;;
me a message is liye likh raha huu bahot din se aapne koi sher post nahi kiya . tumhare bina a mehfil adhuri hai please tum chale aao tumhara intezaar ker raha hoo please ager tum nahi aaye to hum kabhi ees mehfil ka naam bhi nahi lenge |
Aadab....
bhadshahkhan saahab....
Tasleem..... Muafi chata huN jo kuch roz se mehfil meN haziiri nai lagvaa paaya..... Aap mehfil choR ke jaane ki baat na kareN , khaaksaar ki zubaan pe yakiiN ho to samajh lijiye aaj se jaise bhi ban paDe ....ek-do kalaam rozaana post karne ki koshish karuNga.... ye jaan ke kuch tasalii huii ki sahebaan is nacheez ke kalaam ka intezaar karte haiN.... aapki mohabbat ka bahot mamnuun huN.... phir mulaqaat hogi....aapke israar pe do ghazleN post kar raha huN .... shukriya adaab maikasH |
Hi
aapki is informetion se kafi kuch seekhne ko milega umeed hai ki aage bhi aap issi tarah se naye shayars ko guide lines dete rahenge .this is realy very nice .
neerja |
shukriya
aadaab maikash ji,
aapko mai kya kahu....bahot khub.... aapne jo kuch sikhaya...hume accha laga.....thanks a lot humne jitna samja hai...aagese koshish karenge...dhayan mai rakh ke likhenge... again shukriya.... take care.... tanhadil |
Tasleem
Aadaab Neerja ji....
Agar ye information aapke kuch kaam aa sake to khaaksaar ko in'tehaaii khushii hogi..... koshish jaari rakhiye.... aadaab maikasH |
Aadaab
aadaab"tanhadil" ......
bhaii aapka naam jitnii dafaa paRhaa hai dil meN aaya hai ke aaj ek aur ghazal keh daaluN....magar kya kareN saahab haalaat aur waqt ne iss kadar uljhaa rakhaa hai ke puucHiye maT.... phir se arz karne chahuuNgaa ki iss article se "seriously" likhne waale agar kuch seekh paayeN tu mujhe bohat sukuun milegaa..... aapki izaat-afzaaii ke liye mashkuur huuN aapka.... bohat shukriya maikasH |
aadaab
maikashji.....
kaun hai woh jo aaapse "jang" chedh raha hai.... kaun hai woh jo aaappe "ilzaaam" laga rahai hai.... woh jo bhi hai...itna samajle...ki aapke saaath saare shayri.com ke members hai... aapne apnaa jo kimti waqt shayri.com ko diya hai.... aur apni shayri se logon ka dil jita hai...... uskeliye shayri.com ke members aapke shukraguzaar hai... aur hum hamesha chahege ki aaap isi tarah shayri.com ki ronak aur dilkashi barkarar rakhein...... aaapne humesha hume sikhane aur acchi shayri tameer karne ki seekh di hai.....jisi kuch bhi nahi malum tha uskeliye aaap ek "guru" ki tarah ho..... aapki izzat humari izzzat hai..... aapse jo bhi jang karega......aapse pehle use humse ladna hoga...... "direct - dil -se" ho ya kahii se bhi.....dhyaaaan rahein...... shayri.com ki maryaada aur khobsurti.....ko badhane ki koshish karein..... yahaan "maikash" aur kai log hai jinse shayri.com ki khobsurti barkarar hai...unhe pareshan ya kisi uljan mai dalne ki zurrat mat kareiyega...... maikashji....aaap khush rahein...in sabse hum lad lenge....:) k'hafiz. |
itna kahoon gi aap k bareh mein..likhateh boht acaha hai aap..aur lughut toh aap ki uffffff janab poochiyea hi maath..kia lughut hai! wah bhia..
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uzma saheba
aapke aNdaaz-e-daad ne baDaa mutaasir kiya....aapka bohat mashkoor huuN....shukriya aadaab maikasH |
tanhadil sahab
aapne jis qadar khaaksaar ko izzat baKshi hai uske jawaab meN "shukria" jaisa lafz bohat choTa paD raha hai......phir bhi meri tasalli ke liya tah'e'dil se mera shukria kabool kijiye..... guzishtaa chaNd dinoN se shayri.com ko ziyada waqt nahiiN de pa raha huuN jiska ki mujhe kitna afsos hai ye Ghaaliban mere ilaawa shayad ki koi bataa sake.....haalaat hi kuch aisey haiN ke ..kya kahiye...do-ek dostoN se muKhtsar si dua-salaam ho jaati hai vohi ganiimat samjhiye phir se ek baar aapka dil ki gehraiiyoN se shukarguzaar huuN jo aapna itna hausla baDhaya....koshish karuNgaa ke jald hi koi ghazal mehfil ki nazr karuuN aadaab maikasH |
you guys are sooooo good
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very helpful
oh hum to maiddaan-e-jung mein aa gaye! - j/k - shayri.com ki mehfil mein itna pyaar aur ek doosre ke liye izzat dekh kar hume lag raha hai ki is jagah se naataa jodne ka humara faisla bahut achcha raha - khair hum bas article post karne waale (maikash ji) ko shukirya kehne aaye the - hum jaiso ke liye, jo is sher-o-shayari ki duniya mein naye khiladi hain, yeh article bahut hi informative hain - vaise bahut achchi tarah se samjhaaya hai ki hume lagta hai ki ab hum bhi kuch likhne ki himmat kar sakte hain - once again thanks a lot for the enlightening words on the technical aspects of ghazal writing - aap sab ki shub-chintak
- Mahek - |
very nice
wah maikashji,
aap ka ghazal ke bare mein jo likha woh bahut pasand aaya, wakai aap ka ghazal ke bare mein bahut gnan hai aur ise mein appreciate karta hoon. Keep going bye. |
IN LAKEERON PE CHALNA SIKHAYA HAI TUNE.......
YAAD MEIN APNI JALNA SIKHAYA HAI TUNE......... HUM TO DAAMAN BACHA KE NIKAL JAATE YOON HI...... AAG DAAMAN KO MERE DIKHAYA HAI TUNE....... CLASSON MEIN RUSWA KARAYA HAI TUNE.... KAAM APNA TO KAR DIKHYA HAI TUNE......... SOCH KAR AKSAR HAIRAAN HOTA HOON..... MUJH KO DIN YE KAISA DIKHYA HAI TUNE......... BADA MASHHOOR THA HUNSNE HASAANE KO.... HOTON SE TABASSUM CHURAYA HAI TUNE....... TUJH KO KAISE DUA DOON KE KHUSH TO RAHE..... MERI DUAOON KO BADDUA BANAYA HAI TUNE....... MAIN TO ROSHAN BHI NA HO SAKA THA ABHI..... CHADHTE SURAJ KO KAISE DUBOYA HAI TUNE. |
MUMKIN HAI TUM NA MIL PAAO MUJGE ......
MUMKIN HAI TUM BHOOL JAAO MUJHE...... KARO NA PYAAR MUJHSE TUM YE MUMKIN HAI........ NAA AAYE CHAMAN MEIN BAHHAR YE MUMKIN HAI........ HAI YE KAISE MUMKIN KE BHOOL JAAON TUJHE....... HAI YE KAISE MUMKIN KE ROZ MAR JAAON......... NAAM LENA TERA CHHOD DOON HAI YE KAISE MUMKIN........ HASEEN CHEHRA TERA BHOOL JAAON HAI YE KAISE MUMKIN......... AB TO MUMKIN HAI KE BUS TERA INTEZAAR KAROON......... TU NAA AYYE TO CHAAR KANDHE PE HOKE SAWAAR CHALOON... |
thanks for providing such useful information about gazal writing.thank u once again.bye
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dear writer this reply is in appreciation of the way you have described out a shayri i have read about this before but it sure would be very beneficial to the people who like writing but unfortunately wouldnt know much about it . take ccare andbye
sanjana |
maikashji ive read and seen your work in the past really its making me respect you a lot i hope you reply soon you are really gifted maikash
sanjana:) |
wishing u well
thank you...
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koshiish achhi ki hai aap ne ghazal or shayari main use hone wale technical alfaazo ki
waise kuch cheeze aap bhi galat likh gaye ho n kuch miss kar gaye ho aap ka dost |
janaab aap ka dost sb
tasleem aapne farmaaya ke maine ye jo urdu shayiri ke mutalliQ chaNd buniyaadi baateN darj kii haiN usmeiN kahiiN aapko GhalatiyaaN nazar aayiiN.....huzuur maiN to khud taalib-e-ilm huN aur agar aap un GhalatiiyoN pe zara raushnii daal sakeN to mujh nalaayiq ko bhi kuch seekhne ka mauqaa milega......aur aapne arz kiya ke maine kuch 'miss' kiya .... aapne sau-fee-sadii durust farmaaya , maine 'kuch' hi nahiiN 'bohat kuch' miss kar diya , lekin maine jitni zaruurat samjhi utna hi likha hai ye to faqat do-chaar aisi baateiN haiN jo shayiir to kya shayiiri paDhne waale ko bhi maluum hue bina nahiiN rehtiiN . maine to ye un dost ehbaab ke liya likha hai jinka ke urdu shayiiri ke tachqniiqui pehluoN se kabhi vaasta hi nahiin paDaa aur duusri baat ye ke shayri.com par agar ab aap urooz,taqtii,bah'r,arkaan,wazan vagheraa ko tafseel se samjhaane bhi chaleN to uske liye jo 'audience' darkaar hai voh yahaaN maujood nahiiN hai ....isliye maine is jagah ki rivaayat aur ma'haul ko madd-e-nazar rakhte hue utna hi likha jitna ke mujhe munaasib lagaa aapse darkhuvaast hai ke jin laGhzishoN ka aapne takaaza kiya hai unki zaraa wajaahat farmaa deNge to mujh par baDaa ehsaan hoga mujhe aapke awaabi khat ka intezaar rahega aadaab maikasH |
Maiksh ji ..
Really the basic points u have described above r too gud & essential to write a Ghazal . Here i want to tell one more thing to my dear fredz that .. A ghazal contains 5 to 11 shers & everyone is used to differ from another . mera matlab har sher ka mazmoon alag hota hai .. thx maikash ji to write us . Bye & Take Care . |
kshitiz saahab
aadaab hausla-afzaayi ka shukriya miyaaN jaise ke aapne kahaa ke Ghazal meiN kam-az-kam 5 ashaar hone zaruuri haiN , bilkul sahi kahaa lekin tradition aur ustaad hazraat ke hisaab se aik Ghazal meiN 5 se le kar 27 she'r kahe jaane ki ijaazat di gayi hai chunaaNche .. aaj-kal is paabaaNdii ki taraf ziyada zor nahiiN diya jaata isliye aap 5 se uupar jitne chaahe she'r keh sakte haiN.... aapki duusri baat se bhi kisi hadd tak maiN ittefaaq rakhta huuN ke Ghazal ka har she'r aapne aap meiN aik daastaaN hota hai yahi Ghazal ki khaasiiyat hai magar Ghazal ki aik qism aur hoti hai jismeN ke har she'r aik ki subject par kahe jaane ki ijaazat hai aur yuN aisi Ghazal aik kahaani ki suurat meiN saamne aati hai aisi Ghazal ko "Ghazal-e-musalsal" kahaa jaata hai shukriya maikasH |
Maikash sahab ..
Bahut Bahut shukria Nacheez ke mashvarooN ko tavajjo dene ki .. Main aapki baat se sahmat huN .. ki .. Ghazal ki aik qism aur hoti hai jismeN ke har she'r aik ki subject par kahe jaane ki ijaazat hai aur yuN aisi Ghazal aik kahaani ki suurat meiN saamne aati hai aisi Ghazal ko "Ghazal-e-musalsal" kahaa jaata hai maine to bas yoon hi aapki post padh kar ek common si ghazal ke bare me jikar kiya tha .. Use durust karne ke liye shukria adaa karta huN .. Ab ki ghazal writing pattern ke bare me jyada malumaat nahi magar According to old ghazal definition ek umda ghazal 5 se 11 sher ki paband hoti hai .. dua ke saath .. |
This has always been a confusing task for me. Putting baher in ghazals for me has actually been impossible.
I wanted to ask you a question. Where can I find the 36 bahers and how do you make your own bahers, is there any particular way of doing that |
maikash sahab....
"chand saansen hain udaa le jaye gi...
is se zyadah maut kya le jaye gi........." mai aap ki nashisht me naya hoon ... lekin yahan aa kar yeh ehsaas zaroor hua hai ... ki mai kisi galat jagah par nahi aaya .. aap ka saath mila to shayad bohot kuchh seekhne ko mile ga.... ya yun kahoon...... "sooraj,chand,sitare mere saath me rahe... jabtak tumhare haanth mere haanth me rahe.." "shaakhon se toot jayen woh patte nahi hain hum .... zara aandhiyon se kehdo "AUQAAT"me rahen....." duaaon ki guzarish ke saath..... saud(sahil) |
Bhai maafi chahata hoo
information aap ne jo di hain wo elementry level ki hai main koi shayar nahi hoon bas urdu adab main thoda sa is bachhe ka bhi naam hain kahene ko kai majue likhe hain humne waise jis tareekhe se aap ne information de hain wo khabil-e-tareef hain presentation achha hain ghazal or rubait ka sab se bada diff. jo hota hain wo sama ka hota hain ghazal main sama nahi banta hain PUS badalta rahta hain har sher main rubait main conti. chalta hain agar aap ne meer anis or dabeer ke kaseede pade hunge ya firaag sahab ki shayari ya galib ki (waise unki palle nahi padti hain shayari coz aadhi se zaada wo farsi use karte the urdu ki jagha) sab ka apna apna alag dhang tha par aaj tak silsila wahi chala aa raha hain jo sadiyon se chalta aa raha hain sab ne bola yahi par jab likhne ki baari aayi to kisi ne bhi 1 bhi mukammal ghazal nahi likhi sab ne sama bandh diya tha bhai hum to kahte hain ki jo sunne main achha lage wo ghazal hain |
achcha kiya...........
darasal maine hi kaha tha ki aap aisa koi article likhe jis mein ghazal ko cmpose karne ke liye zaroorri aspects mention kiye ho.........aapne wakai kabil-e-tareef kaam kiya hai...ab ye batayei ki
"zindagi bemani si suni aakhon mein pani si" mein radeef kya hai agar nahin hai to phir "aani si" kya kafia hai, ya jaisa aapne kaha ki gair-muradaf sher hai . nida fazli saheb ka ye sher to suna hi hoga "jab kisi se koi gila rakhna samne apne aeena rakhna" ismein kafiaa radeef ya jo bhi aap ise kahen batae... umeed hai aap naumeed na kareinge... love n ragrds |
shane........
......ab tumhe nisha ji to jane kab daad dengi meri daad to abhi kabool karo yaar......waqee bahut achcha tassvur hai tumhara ...aise hi sochte raho ....keep smiling
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