Nazm : Defintion & Explanation

[Ahmad Hyderabadi]

Dosto below are a few defintions and explanation I found suitably describe the form of urdupoetry which we know as Nazm. Below is just a compilation by me and I am not the author..just a conveyor of views. Hope these help us in understanding and learning this form of Urdu poetry which we call nazm.

Nazm

In a broad sense, nazm is a term used to define all kinds of Urdu shayeri which do not fall into any other category..... however, in a literary sense, a nazm is a well organized, logically evolving poem where each individual verse serves the need of the central concept or theme of the poem. Though a nazm is traditionally written in rhymed verse, there are many examples of nazms written in unrhymed verse, or even in free verse.

Example :

Roz sahil pe khade hoke yahi dekha hai
Shaam ka pighla hua surkh-sunhari rogan
Roz matiyale-se paani mein yeh ghul jaata hai
Roz sahil pe khade hoke yahi socha hai
Mein jo pighali huee rangeen shafaq ka rogan
Ponchh loo haathon pe

Aur chpuke se ik baar kabhi
Tere gulnaar se rukhsaaron pe chhap se mal doon
Shaam ka pighala hua surkh-sunhari rogan
-sunhari rogan





Nazam has the following features:

• Objective type of poetry.
• Used for the narration.
• Contains philosophy and describes in short words.
• Meaningful, significant and expressive form of poetry.
• Redolent

Roman transliteration of an Urdu Article on Nazm. Original author is Poet Ishtiyaaq Zain.

Transilteration into Roman Urdu by Ahmad Hyderabadi.

NAZM KYA HAI?

Nazm Arbi zubaan ka lafz haye aur iskay ma'nee intezaam, ladee yaa kalaam e shair. Istelaai ma'nee hayn munaasib kalam, jacha-tula kalaam e shair jiski behr o wazn bilkul durust ho.In ma'nee ki raoshnee mayn daykha jaaye tou har wo kalaam jo munaasib ho, wazn, behr mayn ho, ayk he ladee mayn ho( ya'nee har misraa ya shair ayk doosray kay saath raabta rakhta ho) nazm kaha jaa sakta haye.guzartay waqt kay saath saath nazm mayn bhee mukhtalif tajrubaat kiyay jaatay rahay, ji mayn say kuch kaamiyaab huay tou kuch nakaam( in ki tafseel mayn jaana is waqt ghayr zaroori mahsoos hota haye) laykin in tajrubaat nay nazm ki shakl bar zaroor asar chhoda, au is ki mukhtalif iqsaam ban gayeen.

Nazm ki iqsaam:
Guzartay waqtaon kay tajrubaat say hotee jo nazm jo ham tak pahunchee ham isko teen naam day saktay hayn jo darjay zeel hayn
:

1.Paaband Nazm
2. Azaad Nazm
3. Nasri Nazm


1. Paband Nazm:
Paband Nazm mayn bahr, wazn aur qafiyay ki pabandi ki jaatee haye. Jabki radeef kay honay ya na honay say farq naheen padta. Iski shakl ghazal kay ashaar ki soorat bhi ho sakti haye aur muta'dadband ki shakl mayn bhee, agar yay ghazal ki shakl mayn hogee tou iskee pehchaan yay haye ki ismayn mazmoon ka tasalsul hoga. Ya'nee ismayn shuruu say aakhir tak ayk hee mazmoon hoga,shayr chahay jitnay bhee hoan, har shayr ka doosra misra ham-qafiya hoga, aur zahir si baat haye ki sabhee misray ayk he wazn mayn hongay. Janab Faiz ahmad Faiz ki yay nazm( given below) umda misaal haye

"Anjaam"

Hayn labray aahaon say thandee hawaayayn
Udaasi mayn doobee huee hayn ghataayayn

Muhabbat ki dunya pay shaam aa chukee haye,
Sia poash hayn zindagee kee fizaayayn

Machaltee hayn seenay mayn laakh aarzooayn
Tadapti hayn ankhaon mayn laakh iltejayayn!

Taghaaful ki aaghoash mayn so rahay hayn,
Tumharay sitam, aur mayree wafaayayn!

Magar phir bhi aye mayray masoom qaatil,
Tumhayn pyaar kartee hayn mayree duaayayn!

----Faiz Ahmed Faiz

( Is nazm mayn sirf qaafiya haye, jabki radeef nahee haye)

Aur agar nazm band ki soorat hotee to isay Musammat( Musammat ki laghvee ma'nee haye moti pirona) ka naam dayngay. Musammat ki mukhtalif iqsaam hayn jaysay ki--

Teen teen misraon ki muta'dadband nazm ko Muthlith(mussliss) kahtay hayn,
Chaar chaar misraon kay band waali nazm ko Murab'a kahtay hayn,
Paanch paanch misraon kay band waali nazm ko Mukhmis,
Chay Chay misraon kay band wali nazm ko Musaddas,
Saath saath misraon kay band waali nazm ko Musabb'ae,
Aaath aath misrain kay band waali nazm ko Muthammin( Pronounced Musammin)
Nau nau misraon kay band waali nazm ko Mutassae
aur Das das misraon kay band waali nazm ko Mughshar kahtay hayn.
( Waysay Urdu mayn cha cha misrain kay band waali nazm ya'nee Musaddas hee raaij hayn- aur Musaddis e Haali iski behtereen misaal haye) Yahaan agar inkee tafseel mayn jaayayngay tou baat buhat lambee hojaayaygee, Isliyay Azaad nazm ki taraf barhtay hayn.


2. Azaad Nazm:
Isko nazm e Me'ra bhii kehte hayn aur Ghayr-Maqfa bhi. Ismayn na tou radeef hota haye aur na he qqafiyay ki paabandee kii jaatee haye, aur kaheen ho bhee tou kisii baqaaydaa usool kay tahat nahee hota,Misray bahr o wazn mayn tou hotay hayn laykin bahr kay arkaan ki ta'daad muqarrar nahee hotee( Bahr aur iskay arkaan ki tafseel aagay chal kay aayaygee) ya'nee kisee misray kay arkaan pooray hoan, kisii mayn zyaadaa,kisee mayn kam, hatta ki sirf ayk rukn ka bhee misra ho sakta haye, jabkay zyaada say zyaadaa bhee, azaad nazm kee do mukhtalif misaalayn daykhiyay.


Misaal number 1: Is nazm mayn ba'z misraon mayn bahr mayn radd o badal kii gayee haye,ya'nee tamaam misray ayk hee wazn mayn nahee hayn:

" Tanhaayee"

Phir koee aaya dil e zaar! Nahee koee nahee,
Raah ru hogaya, kaheen aur chala jaayaygaa,
Dhal chukee raat, bikharnay lagaa taaraon ka ghubaar,
Ladkhadaanay lagay aywaanaon may khawabaydaa charaagh,
So gayee raasta tak tak kay har ayk raahguzaar
Ajnabee khaaq nay dhundlaa diyay qadmaon kay suraagh,
Gulkar o shama'ayn, badhaa do may-o-meena-o-ayaagh
Apnay baykhwaab kawaadaon ko maqfal kar lo
Ab yahaan koee nahee, koee nahee aayaygaa!

Poet: Faiz Ahmed Faiz

Misaal number 2: Is nazm mayn tamaam misray ayk he wazn mayn hayn yan'nee bahr mayn koee radd o badal nahee kiya gayaa, bas radeef aur qaafiyaa nahee hayn ismayn.

" Guzaarish"

Gayay ho jabsay tum jaanaaN
Mayra dil nahee lagta
Ki saare chaandnee raatayn
tumhaaray bin yun guzri hayn
Khizan mayn jaysay ik bulbul
Bina gul kay tadaptee haye
Ki ik parwaana jalnay ki
Tamanna layakay jeeta haye
Chalay aao kay yay bulbul
Tumhayn paakay machal jaayay
Chalay aao ke parwaana
Tumharee lau say jal jaayay!

Poet: Sarmad Khan


3. Nasri Nazm:

Nasr arbi ka lafz haye,aur iskay ma'nee hayn bikhra huaa, tittar bittar,parayshaan. Nasr is kalaam ko kahtay hayn jiskay kahnay waalay nay isay wazn mayn kahnay kay iraaday say na kahaa ho, aur mahaz ittefaaq say kalaam mayn wazn payda ho jaayay. Aajkal Nasri nazm ko bhi shayri ki ayk Sanaf ki taur par maana jaanay lagaa haye, go ki abhi abhi Urdu adab ka ayk makhsoos aur badaa halqaa isko nahee maantaa. Nasri nazm mayn na tou qaafiya hota haye , na he radeef,na he yay kisee makhsoos bahr ya wazn mayn likhee jatee haye.Goya ki nasree nazm mayn koee qaida qanoon nahee hotaa.



Nasr ki iqsaam to be continued...